In situ self

* Corresponding authors

a State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

b National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P. R. China E-mail: [email protected]

c School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China E-mail: [email protected]

d Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada